What physiological response do leukotrienes mediate?

Leukotrienes are lipid compounds that play a significant role in the inflammatory response and are particularly known for their effects on the respiratory system. They are derived from arachidonic acid and are produced by immune cells such as mast cells and eosinophils. One of the primary physiological responses mediated by leukotrienes is bronchoconstriction, which involves the tightening of the smooth muscle surrounding the airways. This response is particularly important in conditions such as asthma, where elevated levels of leukotrienes contribute to airway narrowing and difficulty in breathing.

In addition to bronchoconstriction, leukotrienes also enhance vascular permeability, leading to increased inflammation in the affected tissues. They are involved in promoting mucus secretion, which can exacerbate respiratory conditions but is not directly related to the bronchial smooth muscle contraction. Their role in promoting mucus production is opposite to the decrease in mucus production, making the correct understanding of their function crucial for recognizing how they contribute to respiratory pathologies.

Therefore, understanding that leukotrienes are key mediators of bronchoconstriction helps in grasping their impact on diseases such as asthma and allergic responses, which is essential for effective pharmacological intervention.