Which conditions is Hydroxychloroquine commonly used to treat?

Hydroxychloroquine is primarily utilized in the treatment of autoimmune conditions, specifically lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Its efficacy stems from its ability to modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation, making it particularly effective for these diseases. In lupus, it can help mitigate symptoms such as fatigue and rashes, while in rheumatoid arthritis, it can aid in decreasing joint pain and swelling.

The medication functions by inhibiting certain immune processes and reducing the activity of immune cells that can cause tissue damage, addressing the underlying issues that contribute to these conditions. This makes it a key therapeutic agent for managing lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

In contrast, the other options listed do not align with the approved uses of hydroxychloroquine. Alzheimer's disease is managed using different classes of medications focused on cognitive enhancement. Hypertension is typically treated with antihypertensives, such as ACE inhibitors or diuretics, rather than an antimalarial like hydroxychloroquine. Gout is usually addressed with medications that specifically target uric acid levels, such as allopurinol or colchicine. Thus, hydroxychloroquine's established role is specifically in the management of lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.